About the Book
Computer Graphics is one of the most exciting and rapidly growing computer fields. In the computer world, graphics is the most important part of any application on the computer. The material in this book is useful for various courses including introductory computer graphics, advanced graphics topics, scientific visualization and graphics project courses. The chapters in the book are arranged in a sequence that permits each subject to build up from earlier studies. The text includes various algorithms and programming assignments. The algorithms presented in the book allow the reader to focus on the method to solve the problem. This book also included the lab manual for understand the basic methodology of algorithm. The chapters in the book are arranged in a sequence that permits each subject to build up to earlier studies. The algorithm presented in the book allow the reader to focus on the method t o solve the problem which then transformed in “C” & “C++” programs.
The primary objective of this book is the serve as a text book for students taking graduate program in Computer Science & Information Technology and Post Graduate program in Computer Application of Computer Graphics. The focus of the book is on mathematical and practical approach.
Contents
Preface (v)
1. Introduction to Computer Graphics 1
• Introduction • Application of Computer Graphics • Raster Scan and Random Scan Displays • Output or Video Display Device • Input Devices • Hard Copy Devices • Display File Structure • Graphics Software • Summary • Exercise
2. Mathematics for a Computer Graphics 22
• Introduction • Point • Lines • Vectors • Exercise
3. Scan Conversion of Drawing 32
• Introduction • Pixel • Characteristics • Frame Buffer • Scan Conversion of Point • Aliasing • Anti Aliasing • Line Drawing Algorithm • Circle Generation Algorithm • Character Generation Methods • Summary • Exercise
4. Input Techniques 54
• Introduction • Basic Positioning Techniques • Locator and Selector • Positioning Constraints; Scales and Guidelines • Summary • Exercise
5. Polygon Filling 64
• Introduction • Polygon Representation • Types of Polygon • Entering Polygon • Polygon Filling • An Inside and Outside Test • Summary• Exercise
6. Segments 76
• Introduction • The Segment Table • Creation of Segment • Closing A Segment • Deleting a Segment • Renaming a Segment • Image Transformation • Morphing • Summary • Exercise
7. Windowing and Clipping 85
• Introduction • The Viewing Pipeline • Window to Viewport Coordinate Mapping • Clipping Operations • Summary • Exercise
8. 2-Dimensional Geometric Transformation 103
• Introduction • Geometric Transformation • Coordinate Transformation • Composite Transformation • Summary • Exercise
9. 3–Dimensional Transformation 136
• Introduction • Primitives of 3-D Transformation • Three Dimensional Projections • Three Dimension Display Methods • Summary • Exercise
10. Hidden Lines and Surfaces 160
• Introduction • Back Face Detection and Removal Method • Depth Buffer Method (z -Buffer Method) • A-buffer Method • Scanline Method • Depth Sorting Method (Painter’s Method or Priority Method) • Bsp Tree Method • Area Sub-division Method (Warnock’s Algorithm) • Octree Method • Summary • Exercise
11. Rendering and Illumination 178
• Introduction • Quadric Surfaces • Superquadric Surfaces • Superellipse • Superellipsoid • Spline Representation • Bezier Curves and Surfaces • B-Spline Curves and Surfaces • Summary • Exercise
12. Animation 192
• Introduction • Principle of Animation • Design of Animation Sequence • Methods of Controlling Animation • Types of Animation • Animation Tools • Animation Languages • Types of Animation Systems • Summary • Exercise
13. Light, Colors and Shading 203
• Introduction • Modeling Light Intensities • Light Source • Basic Illumination Models • Reflected and Refracted Light • Half Toning • Color Models • Surface Shading Method • Summary • Exercise
Tutorial 218
Question Bank 234
Glossary 357
Bibliography 367
Index 368
About the Author
Ruchi Mishra is reputed teacher of computer graphics. Presently, she is teaching at Master of Computer Application Department (MCA), IMS Engineering College (A premier Institute of UP Technical University, Lucknow), Ghaziabad. She is a post graduate in Master of Computer Application from U.P. Technical University, Lucknow. She has been actively involved in implementing various real time projects. The students have made more than 10 projects based on Web under her guidance.
